Knowledge List
澄清认识误区

基金不是股票

有的投资人将基金和股票混为一谈,其实不然。一方面,投资者购买基金只是委托基金管理公司从事股票、债券等的投资,而购买股票则成为上市公司的股东。另一方面,基金投资于众多股票,能有效分散风险,收益比较稳定;而单一的股票投资往往不能充分分散风险,因此收益波动较大,风险较大。

基金不同于储蓄

由于开放式基金通过银行代销,许多投资人因此认为基金同银行存款没太大区别。其实两者有本质的区别:储蓄存款代表商业银行的信用,本金有保证,利率固定,基本不存在风险;而基金投资于证券市场,要承担投资风险。储蓄存款利息收入固定,而投资基金则有机会分享基础股票市场和债券市场上涨带来的收益。

基金不同于债券

债券是约定按期还本付息的债权债务关系凭证,国内债券种类有国债、企业债和金融债,个人投资者不能购买金融债。国债没有信用风险,利息免税;企业债利息较高,但要交纳20%的利息税,且存在一定的信用风险。相比之下,主要投资于股票的基金收益比较不固定,风险也比较高;而只投资于债券的债券基金可以借助组合投资,提高收益的稳定性并分散风险。

基金是有风险的

投资基金是有风险的。换而言之,你起初用于购买基金的1万元,存在亏损的可能性。正如上文所描述的,基金既然投资于证券,就要承担基础股票市场和债券市场的投资风险。当然,在招募说明书中有明确保证本金条款的保本基金除外。此外,当开放式基金出现巨额赎回或者暂停赎回时,持有人将面临变现困难的风险。

基金适合长期投资

有的投资人抱着股市上博取短期价差的心态投资基金,例如频繁买卖开放式基金,结果往往以失望告终。因为一来申购费和赎回费加起来并不低,二来基金净值的波动远远小于股票。基金适合于追求稳定收益和低风险的资金进行长期投资。

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