Knowledge List
什么是指数型基金

随着国内指数基金的数量逐渐增多,投资人开始面临这样一个问题--是选择被动式投资的指数基金还是主动式投资的积极管理型基金。

指数基金采用被动式投资,选取某个指数作为模仿对象,按照该指数构成的标准,购买该指数包含的证券市场中全部或部分的证券,目的在于获得与该指数相同的收益水平。

对许多投资者而言,指数基金提供的投资方式最为方便简单。投资者勿需担心基金经理是否会改变投资策略,因为指数基金经理根本不需要自行选股,所以谁当基金经理并不重要。

投资指数基金最大的好处在于成本较低。由于指数基金经理用不着积极选股,所以指数基金的管理费用相对较低。同时,因为指数基金采取了购买并持有的策略,不用经常换股,所以基金买卖证券时发生的佣金等交易费用也远远低于积极管理的基金。此外,跟踪同一指数的两只基金,收费水平可能不同;而涵盖同一市场层面的两只基金,也未必会用同一种指数作为基准。美国市场的指数基金平均管理费率约为0.18%至0.30%。

指数基金除了节省费用外,还有一个好处,就是使得你的投资免受表现差劲的基金经理所累,你无需象那些积极管理型基金的持有人那样,时刻留意基金的风吹草动,例如投资团队是否发生变动,基金经理是否还在任上。

每个市场都有赢家和输家,总体而言,投资者就是市场,其投资的平均回报就是市场的平均回报。投资指数基金就如同投资于整个市场,理论上得到的也是所有投资者平均得到的回报。也许你会认为有些运气好或者才能杰出的基金经理可以跑赢大市,因此希望基金经理以其独特的方式投资而不是根据指数来挑选股票或债券,那么积极管理的基金就是你的选择。而这意味着你必须充分相信基金经理的能力。

要了解某只指数基金的风险及可预期回报与其他指数基金有何不同,首先要知道其跟踪的是什么指数。

从国内的情况看,万家180指数化投资部分主要投资于组成上证180指数的成份股票;博时裕富基金的标的指数是新华富时中国A200复合指数(75%新华富时中国A200指数+25%新华富时中国国债指数);融通深证100指数基金跟踪的是深证100指数。

值得注意的是,只有当成分股发生变动时,指数基金才会调整其投资组合。由此的买入或卖出股票会给股价带来冲击。

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